That put an end to this sort of thing. That was the first problem. Moreover, one of the emergency protection systems should be based on physical principles different from the other one. A whole variety of questions must be posed. It was the leadership of Gosplan at the time: comrade Baybakov, comrade Voloyants were involved, and comrade Slavsky was among the ones mainly responsible, and comrade Neporozhny. The miners are working heroically there but there is no information about the level of radioactivity they work in; what is happening in the Brest region nearby, who is measuring it, and how. After obtaining a lot of data, I wrote a large report that could have been the basis for my dissertation, or maybe it already was a complete dissertation. General Berdov led this work, and also organized the task of informing the public so that they dont come out of their houses. This by no means was an easy operation. The pumping devices were turned on and this water was pumped out. But usually, Ryzhkov and Dolgikh were in constant communication. The same thing was done to all surfaces that could produce dust. Ofcourse, water contamination measurements were carried out constantly. Because an attempt by a non-professional to bring some kind of insight into their work could hardly be acceptable. It would be an organisation that would be responsible for the developmental strategy of aviation. The transfer was entirely unjustified. Because information came out in separate blocks. And a large army [of journalists] appeared there. [1], The conference was a public relations triumph for the Soviets as it reassured Western governments and scientists that the disaster was being contained[26] and that the Soviets could competently manage nuclear power in the future. [1] He also considered the possibility of ground water contamination to be extremely low, but precautionary work was initiated to cool the reactor using an underground system. Legasov: Well, that is understandable. This general downfall of Soviet technology, the reasons for which can be discussed extensively and for a long time, it was simultaneously the beginning of Chernobyl. But I will tell you about the role of Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov later as objectively as I can. Also, the fundamental lack of containment, as practice has shown, cannot be compensated by the tightly sealed compartments. To make sure of this, I had to get into that APC and go near the reactor. But this talk of the reactor smouldering, emitting radioactivity in considerable amounts, were so strong that orders were given to manufacture various types of covers for it. great successes in the construction of which were achieved, he said in passing, The Chernobyl station belonged to the neighboring Ministry, the Ministry o. of accident, but it will not stop the development of nuclear energy. It is only for myself. But during that period it created quite a tense situation. This was sort of central, very important task. Get started for FREE Continue. I said that the next disaster will happen in South Kazakhstan, with phosphorus, when everything that lives within a 300-kilometre radius will die. What is the real situation there? In response to this, I outlined the situation for him; that basicallyas it was after the 2nd of May; the call was around the 4th or 5th of Maythe radiation emissions from the destroyed block have ceased, and the situation is currently under control. The first two such consecutive works by experts were interesting. But the most demoralizing part, which makes one worried and sick, is that the measures needed are known.[22]. Then, no organisation would take on the development of an unconventional compressor or an unconventional, say, heat exchanger, again driven by the lack of needed material or experience. Nevertheless, on 27th morning, there were women taking a walk with their children. Initially, I suggested dropping iron shot. And during the first half of the day of the 26th, we were receiving such information that the staff are trying to deal with the situation that has arisen, that the device is out of control, and they are trying to get it back under control. Helicopter divisions were also incoming. I have not seen a single group in the Soviet Union that raised and considered [the analysis of nuclear safety] with any degree of competence As for the RBMK reactor, you know, in reactor circles, it was considered a bad reactor. These solutions were meant to bond the dust particles together, but at the same time let moisture through, thus allowing the subsoil to exist normally. He burnt out. All this information was accumulated in my sub-group and had practical effect on what actions and effort should we assign to decontamination and disposal works. [28] He was very disappointed that he was the only member of his Chernobyl team that did not receive the award "hero of socialist labor". We turned onto the road leading to the city of Pripyat, but the city of Pripyat is, already a city of power engineers, a city where both the builders and workers of, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant lived. The tape was valery legasov refers to transcripts and professional. In the first episode of Chernobyl (2019), Valery Legasov is seen hiding his tape recordings down an alleyway before returning to his home and (presumably) taking his own life. They tried as much as they could to base their decisions on the specialists point of view. Recently, all of us became concerned about the quality of training and readiness of the personnel who design, build and operate nuclear power stations, because the number of facilities had sharply increased, but the quality of the personnel involved in this process had likely decreased and was decreasing before our eyes. This is Tape 1, part 2. But what did they boil down to? There I reported the situation. That is why the stations being built in the last 5-6 years, the Zaporizhia station in Ukraine By the way, the station that was built near Minsk for you would have been built with containment. The first drops were, it seems, at the end of the day on the 27th. He would fill out all the measurement journals beforehand, all the parameters, even before the end of the shift. Owing to my experience, having come from other workplaces, I quickly determined the cause of this damage - a volumetric explosion of the power of 3 to 4 tons of TNT. But here, suddenly, there was a crimson glow in half the sky and white smoke streaming out of the reactor. And I focussed on this. The various services of the station were on full standby. And these problems were not easily solved. It began quite successfully. In the end it appeared that the GeoChem group was wrong, because their samples were taken in such a condition that they had included plutonium used in weapons coming from nuclear explosion period. Well, they didnt kick him out but made his work environment intolerable. Then I dropped by home, met my wife, who was of course very upset, and by 10 a.m. arrived at the Politburo, where in turns, I reported to Scherbina and comrade Ryzhkov about what was happening. By 33 times almost. Had the philosophy of safety been correct, then our experts would have, without a doubt, found technical solutions conforming to this philosophy. The initial conclusions are that fish living close to the riverbed do, without a doubt, carry some radioactivity in them but no disturbing symptoms have been discovered. He organized a team in one of the industrial areas of Pripyat that would prepare these solutions. Adamovich: [HARD-TO-HEAR QUESTION ABOUT ALEXANDROV A.P. Specialists exhibited confidence in these aspects. Since I didnt have administrative authority over this department but generally understood many specific details of what was going on, and because I was concerned, I began to suggest to the reactor department an engineering, not physical, approach to solving problems. Whether he was or not, I just dont know. An unexpected problem occurred with, for example, specimens lowered into the Finnish station Loviisa. All service providers, for example the firefighters, were also in constant contact with their Moscow counterparts. We received many telegrams from abroad, by the way. As practice has now shown, the sum of measures that have been taken for this reactor has made the vapour coefficient to be no more than one beta. Two years and one day after the disaster, Legasov took his own life, though not before recording a distillation of his side of the story onto five compact cassette tapes. All this must be described. Adamovich: [faintly audible] And he remained there. Various suggestions were made. On the evening of the 26th, we did everything roughly. None of them unequivocally corresponds to all the experimental facts; that is why discussions are ongoing. The 5th block was almost ready and could practically be launched within a few months after decontamination, and the 6th block was in the initial stage. Happily, a sufficiently large amount (forty tonnes) of boron carbide was available from an uncontaminated stockpile, and it was quickly dropped into the reactor by helicopters. And things never came to serious theory, to serious analysis, to serious strategies, which, all in all, was quite alarming. Then the cows ate the grass with Iodine. [1] Even before the Chernobyl disaster, Legasov was known to stress the need for new security and safety methods to prevent large catastrophes. We discovered this from foreign sources. Legasov: That is why this option was discarded. Then around the 9th of May, we resumed when a flaming spot was sighted while circling the reactor. This was simply an example of superior organisation and ignoring any danger, working very carefully and accurately. This may have indicated that the reactor was still working. They were somehow not considered by the existing reactor community. And later it turned out that we knew very little about them. I immediately jumped into the car, went to the Institute and found experts on this type of reactor. After that, Ukraine representatives, comrade Plyusch and comrade Nikolaev, started to prepare for the evacuation of the city scheduled for the next day. All these were some unusual questions that complemented nuclear energy. The next day, when we were at Ivan Stepanovich Silayevs office again, the phone rang once more, and this time he asked for the phone to be given to Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov. They are trying to increase the reliability of the reactor so that there would not be an accident. And further, to develop a philosophy that, as the experience of the Chernobyl accident shown, any device can cause trouble not only in the country where it is located but also in the neighbouring countries; and cause not only radiation damage but also economic and psychological losses in those countries. For example, dolomite. This blog is dedicated to translating the text that comes from the audio tapes recorded by academician V.Legasov. In this time, there would be an emission of radioactivity in aerosol form over large distances. After our high-ranked guests had arrived, they deliberately started their visit from the places where evacuees had been placed. But, since the world understands that maximally does not mean 100 per cent and that there is always a chance of a technical component failing, even the most reliable one, or of a person doing something, by malice or ignorance or by accident, the third element is introduced. And in the report I prepared for Vienna, to tell the truth, the Central Committee removed this phrase, but it was in the initial version, that among the ineffective measures was supplying liquid nitrogen. Second, make the operation of this device maximally safe and reliable. What he is as a person and why he was in shock there but there, he was an incapacitated man. The evacuation was mandatory when a person could get 75 biological roentgens. So we have Chernobyl. That the European part of the Soviet Union, where 80 per cent of the population and industry is concentrated, will not survive on shipped fuel; and Donetsk coal became too expensive and too little. Many supervisors that should have been on the staff were just absent. At the end of the Politburo meeting, Mikhail Sergeyevich [Gorbachev] addressed heaven knows who, but apparently the ministers Brezhnev and Chazov who were at the meeting, asking them to return to the site and continue the work. A few kilometres before Pripyat There are 18 kilometres between Chernobyl and Pripyat. Already the first launch of this reactor in the first RBMK unit of Leningrad NPP has shown that such a large active zone, implemented in the way it has been, was very complex for the operator. It seemed to be the worst case scenario. I wanted to say that aloud. All the metrics were perfect in his report: the best sovkhozes, the best enterprises, all goals had been achieved. In another instance, the GeoChem institute had provided report approved by academician Velikhov, that was based on their measurements that more than 50% of the reactors contents had escaped its core and the Chernobyl power plant territory. However, this point of view of the experts was not considered. They, so to say, maintained this connection. And now, the situation is indeed like in the Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoys storyThere are no guilty in the world. When one looks at the chain of events, why someone acted in this way and another in that way and so on, it is impossible to point to a single culprit, an initiator of all the unpleasant events that led to the crime. The question arose about what to do with the 5th and 6th blocks. All these measures were, and I repeat myself, planned on the evening of the 26th of April. I want to tell you all this so that you understand that the origin of the Chernobyl tragedy was in wrong philosophy which resulted from losing 10 years. This is my point of view but I dont know how this will turn out. We drove through Chernobyl. Already the name of Gorbachev is being tarnished all over the world because of this accident. So, this was my own professional work to which I managed to attract most interesting young people who with style, with good education and understanding, are still developing this extremely interesting area of Chemical physicsfrom which Im sure will originate very many developments, important for practice and for education. Since we did not receive any, specific information here, we quickly plunged into cars and I found myself in the, 140 km. Second, we had to predict the possible behaviour of the fuel mass, possible outcome scenarios and appropriate courses of action to those scenarios. Decontamination of the interior, cleanup of the area, and of the roof, all this was done very actively and in difficult conditions, all while ensuring that not one of the soldiers or officers received [radiation] doses exceeding 25 rem . As such, I advised to use additional thermocouple temperature measurements that would be conducted from the ground. This put the medics in a difficult position. But not in the accident itself. Nevertheless, various organisations were doing such things, creating such projects for an external shell that, if installed, would only complicate subsequent work on the construction of the shelter, and would not have had any effect on the release of aerosol radiation. All the solutions that we tested appeared to be successful. This is how the idea of channel type RBMK reactor with graphite blocks, etc came about. There was a volumetric detonation. Thats why I personally and also the military specialists [had to go there]who by this time had very successfully deployed a research centre at the village of Ovruch that allowed a large contingent of military specialists to consciously perform decontamination tasks, measurement tasks, all the tasks that they had been assigned. And this is how my professional work was progressing, which gave the ability to successively defend the candidate thesis, the doctoral thesis, dissertations. As before, Eugeny Pavlovich Velikhov was fully responsible for the largest part of the institutes work: plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion. Although, I must say that for those devices that do not have containments, these measures will probably not be enough. Suggestions. In this reactor, 1,700 tons. They started flyovers above reactor number 4 to assess the situation. However, he, together with Anatoly Petrovich, fought for quality once they lost with the containments. "[28] In spring 1987, a vote was held by the Kurchatov Institute to their Scientific-Technical Council with Legasov standing at the insistence of his mentor Anatoly Alexandrov. And then to catch up, quickly, this option was proposed. This construction was a separate saga in itself. To this day, I haven't heard of a single case where contaminated water had to be pumped out. Then the dosimetric reconnaissance began. This very thorough preparation for the refueling procedure took around half a year's time. The first assumption was that it is the internal contamination of the building. [1] Legasov only spoke up to admit that scientists had failed in their duty[1] and that he had been warning about the safety problems of the RBMK reactor for years but nothing had been done. It seems that we all often learn, retrain; a lot of brochures are produced; a lot of time is spent on each erprise. So changes to the regulation are introduced for one device but not for another. As usual, he praised the atomic energy program and the progress that had been achieved. Want to tell you the untold and hidden truth of the Chernobyl disaster. Become a patron and make this project possible : https://www.patreon.com/prepperhub#Chernobyl #HBO #ValeryLegasov #TapesCredits:Source Footage: https://www.dubedits.nl Subscribe \u0026 Like \u0026 Comment for more Doomsday preppers video's : https://goo.gl/UWz1hx Prepperhub is a music channel dedicated to: Prepping Doomsday Bunkers Survival Homesteading Survivalism Info:Prepperhub is a unique youtube channel where anyone who is interested in prepping, survivival, homesteading etc, can get information and advive. But, additionally, at least three major design mistakes were made in this device. So, [in Chernobyl] our press reported a lot of information of the second type, about people, about their impressions, about what was happening there, but reported very little, unlike the TASS regular, about what has happened so far and what has changed. This is why the first job of the first team that went in was to start the reactor shutdown procedure of the 1st and 2nd blocks. I will not talk about safe reactors because the requirements formulated by Novikov are very accurate. valery legasov tapes transcript. Equipment can never work at 100 per cent conditions specified by the project, and fully exclude all human error, accidental or perhaps even intentional. The air force, the helicopter groups, worked very precisely. It was I who proposed using liquid nitrogen for cooling. People will start to pack for too long. On April 26th, 1986, a nuclear explosion at the Chernobyl power plant rocked the area near the Ukrainian town of Pripyat, spreading giant clouds of radioactive material across 77,000 square miles of land. This operation was carried out. But preparing proposals on what to do fell on my shoulders. And for the shift workers that had to work in the 1st and 2nd blocks, a very nice village was constructed with all the needed amenities: with houses, with shops, with cultural facilities. We went in and bought ourselves some very nice shirts. Under the mandatory condition of the most rigorous compliance with all regulations and such. Legasov: No, we have 14 VVER devices without containments. There it was quiet, calm, everything as in ordinary life. In addition, prepperhub.org pupose is: sharing knowledge with the help of fellow preppers. [28] Legasov had an article on industrial safety entitled "From Today to Tomorrow" published in Pravda on 5 October 1987 but it received little interest. Nevertheless, all the station workers from the ordinary up to the ministerial staff, were ready for the most rigorous and courageous, so to say, actions. After we had described the situation, the pivotal decisions were made. If there's one thing a specialist knows about a nuclear power plant, it's that it does not exhaust any gases. Nevertheless Eugeny Pavlovich insisted on performing this work that is constructing a concrete bed under the reactor . We were of course upset. The upper reactor plate (nicknamed Yelena) that hermetized the reactor, was in an almost vertical position, slightly off kilter. They started the work. But nevertheless, judging by this basic overview they also had concluded that around half of fuel was inside the reactor and another half had escaped. For example, robots made at the Kurchatov Institute of Nuclear Energy. So we, after pioneering its development, stopped its development for 10 years. People had started sensing that. So I did not know many details or specific discussions. [26] Legasov noted that the operators were able to disable the reactor safety systems and stated that improvements to existing RBMK reactors were underway. It needs mentioning that when the work became organized like this, when the effort was distributed across various institutions and supervisors, then, of course, there was much more order and clarity than in the first days when all the emergency problems were solved but not all work had gone smoothly. This goal was achieved. Since I have touched upon communication a little, mentioned the reactor a bit, it may be time when I can express some personal opinions about how on earth I got involved with this story, how I was connected to it, how I understood the history and quality of the development of nuclear energy and how I understand it now. The questions of international inspections, quality checks of constructed facilities, etc, to create this international procedure it is necessary to express this desire and this, in my opinion, would be right. Rather, it is a concrete statement. The tragedy, of course, was the primary background against which everything was going on. I see this as an obvious fact. But the Ministry of Health had developed these rules. But then Eugeny Pavlovich appeared and started talking about this China syndrome and those barboteurs; - lower and upper ones, that they could melt through and some fuel could get through them into the soil and into the groundwater. Because, say, the operator suddenly becomes ill and he cannot press the button, or something else, then because of an overrun in parameters, because of anomalies, the second protection system should activate automatically. Because the philosophy of safety does not depend on what you are dealing with, be it a nuclear reactor, a biological facility where viruses propagate, a chemical plant or something else. This gave the impression that the reactor was live, that something serious had certainly happened. Why does he hide them? I tried to organize opportunities for comparing different points of view, different approaches to general problems of physics and energy. As it seemed to me, he was doing that 24\7 without leaving aside his assigned other tasks. Because of this, the share of alternative sources in the foreseeable period of 45-50 years will be 5-7 per cent. These solutions were used extensively. Why caesium? The most heavily contaminated silt was in the cooling pond beside the ChNPP but also further downstream along the Pripyat and the Dnieper. But it was resolved in a very odd manner. So I just say what Im afraid of, and I already am afraid. It was led by comrade Petrov who had arrived here earlier. For example, there were no special double cyphers to turn off the protection systems where protection could be disabled only by using a double or even triple commandby an operator turning a key; by a simultaneous turning of a key by, say, the shift supervisor and maybe even by someone specifically responsible for safety; by a simultaneous turning of a key by the head of the station, the chief engineer or his deputy. It was about a deal where we would increase the supply of natural gas to France while they would provide us with nuclear technologies: robots for repair works, loading and unloading operations, some diagnostic systems, a range of devices to make the technology of the construction and operation of a reactor more modern. The plan for the experiment was drawn up very poorly, very imprecisely, and not authorised by the specialists by whom it should have been authorised. Two, make the operation maximally reliable; trained staff, good discipline, easy-to-operate equipment, etc. Around October 1986, the situation regarding work distribution was very clear. Two weeks later, on August 25, Valery Legasov, wearing a gray suit and striped tie, his face puffy and haggard behind thick glasses, took the floor on the opening day of the special . We broke off pieces of facing from one of the buildings and took them from Pripyat to Chernobyl. When I arrived there for the first time, I witnessed a grim scene because the first proper dosimetric posts were set up there. [7] Legasov and Anatoly Alexandrov described the meltdown scenarios, and Legasov agreed with the plan to tunnel under the reactor to provide cooling. ", "Responsabilites Occidentales Dans les Consequences Sanitaires de la Catastrophe de Tchernobyl, en Bielorussie, Ukraine et Russie", "Western responsibility regarding the health consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe in Belarus, the Ukraine and Russia", "Chernobyl scientist's suicide described", " - .. An investigation was started. It appeared that within those powerful gamma radiation fields, the neutron channel of the measuring device wasnt working, because it was affected by the powerful gamma rays, causing errors. Do you understand? Almost no such literature was available, in the entire country. Eugeny Pavlovich Velihov who as it seemed was watching too much TV about the China syndrome, arrived with concerns which I reported to Rizhkov and Ligachev. Scientist who exposed true extent of Chernobyl disaster killed himself a day after second anniversary (As the Deputy Director of Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow, Valery Legasov received a distress call on April 26, 1986, asking him to head to Chernobyl. But nothing of the kind, of course, was done. One such unfortunate case was when some groups of soldiers had only a single dosimeter carried by their commander, who would estimate the [radiation] dose received by each soldier. I only know that the population was informed at night and early in the morning by going to all the flats and placing on duty. But she still, Having collected all the necessary technical documents and f, KALUGIN having received some idea about the structure of the station, about, possible troubles that might be there, I jumped to my house. But he is too meritorious, has done too much for the country to talk about it in this way, but, Adamovich: [QUESTION ABOUT ALEXANDROV SAYING THAT THE RBMK REACTOR CAN BE PUT IN RED SQUARE]. Ia dikenal sebagai kepala komisi penyelidikan bencana Chernobyl. Secondly, it would ensure that the heat transfers to the metal structures and then they would transfer the heat to the air faster. There are unsolved issues. All this work was done by the Soviet Ministry of Water and by the Ukrainian Ministry of Waterdone within a remarkably short time. We got into the cars and set off. Unfortunately, the place where the iron shot was kept had been affected by the initial outburst of radioactive particles and was contaminated, rendering it completely unusable. In the tapes, Legasov claimed that Soviet government security and. This was a difficult environment. This is the main reason for the magnitude of the accident. I handed this note to E.P.Velikhov and I.S.Silaev. 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